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JournalResearo.3(2015):394-406.Itiswthatsomereseardsthatiions,suercialbreaks,inentofhedonicessuchaswatyTVshows.SeeL.D.NelsonandT.Meyvis,“Iedption:AdaptatioionofHedonialResearo.6(2008):654-664;andL.D..Meyvis,andJ.Galak,“EnhaelevisionViewihrougherterruptions,”
JournaloferResearo.2(2009):160-172.However,thesestudiestypivolvepassiveiionsthatdoiveattention(i.e.,ercialbreaks)anddonotremindusoftheproductivitycostsofengagileisureactivity(i.e.,watgTV).
[37].ThisfactisderivedfromasurveyAmerisrecruitedthroughaprivategfirDavidKelleher,“Survey:81%ofUSEmployeesCheckTheirWorkMailOutsideWorkHours,”
TechTalk,May20,2013,https:techtalk.gfi.survey-81-of-u-s-employees-check-their-work-mail-outside-work-hours.
[38].Multitaskingisstressfulbecauseitcreates“attentioakestimetoreshiftingourmindsawayfromthepresent,toay,andbacktothepresent.S.Leroy,“WhyIsItSoHardtoDoMyWork?ThegeofAttentionResidueWhenSwitgBetweenWorkTasks,”
anizationalBehaviorandHumanDeProcesses109,no.2(2009):168-181.ExperieentioaskswitgdepeasksweareswitgbetweenahinkabouttheS.LeroyandA.M.Schmidt,“TheEffectulatoryFoAttentionResidueandPerformangIianizationalBehaviorandHumanDeProcesses137(2016):218-235.
[39].G.o,S.A.MalkodS.M.Nowlis,“Whenaer:FutureBoundaryTasksAlterptionbygTime,”
JournaloferResearo.5(2019):1085-1102.
[40].E.W.Dunn,A.V.Whillans,M.I.Norton,andL.B.Aknin,“ProsodingandBuyingTime:MooolfWell-Being,”
AdvaalSocialPsychology61(2020):67-126.
[41].G.E.Do.Zheng,E.Haisley,andM.I.NortoandSourillioh(Moderately)PredictsTheirHappiyandSocialPsychologyBulletin44,no.5(2018):684-699.
[42].K.Kushlev,E.W.Dunn,andR.E.Lucas,“HigherIneIsAssociatedwithLessDailySadNotMoreDailyHappiness,”
SocialPsychologidPersonalitySo.5(2015):483-489;andN.W.Hudson,R.E.Lucas,M.B.Donnellan,andK.Kushlev,“IneReliablyPredictsDailySadNotHappiioensionofKushlev,Dunn,&Lucas(2015),”
SocialPsychologidPersonalitySo.8(2016):828-836.
[43].A.T.Jebb,L.Tay,E.Diener,andS.Oishi,“Happiness,IiPointsaroundtheWorld,”
NatureHumanBehaviour2,no.1(2018):33.
[44].J.W.Zhang,R.T.Howell,andC.J.Howell,“LivihyNeighborhoodsIerialDesiresandMaladaptiveption,”
JournaloferCulture16,no.1(2016):297-316;andH.Kim,M.J.,A.I.Ghehiu,andW.J.Matthearison,PersoiveDeprivation,andMaterialism,”
BritishJournalofSocialPsychology56,no.2(2017):373-392.
[45].P.M.Ruberton,J.Gladstone,andS.Lyubomirsky,“HowYourBankBalanceBuysHappianceof‘Hand’toLifeSatisfaotion16,no.5(2016):575.
[46].L.B.Aknin,M.I.Norton,andE.W.Dunn,“FromWealthtoWell-Beiers,butLessThahink,”
JournalofPositivePsychology4,no.6(2009):523-527.
[47].D.Kahneman,A.B.Krueger,D.S.SdA.A.Stone,“WouldYouBeHappierIfYouWereRicher?AFogIllusion,”
So.5782(2006):1908-1910.
[48].HamermesharessedOutonFourts:TimechorYuppieKvetch?”
[49].S.E.DeVoeaimeIsTight:HowHigherEieIncreasesFeelingsofTimePressure,”
JournalofAppliedPsychology96,no.4(2011):665.
[50].Ibid.
[51].A.Furnham,M.Bond,P.Heaven,D.Hilton,T.Lobel,J.Masters,andH.VanDaalen,“AparisoWorkEthicBeliefsiions,”
JournalofSocialPsychology133,no.2(1993):185-197.InlightProtestahicbeliefsiedStates(historidpresent-day),iedStatesbusynessisseenasastatussymbol.Forexample,peoplewhoaheyareverybusyaregrantedhighersodiedStatesandareseehieraantthanpeoplewhoaheyhavealotofleisuretimeavailable.SeeBellezzaetal.,“ptionofTime:WhenBusynessandLackofLeisureTimeBeeaStatusSymbol.”
ThiseffectholdsoedStatesandnotinEurope.
[52].J.D.HurandL.F.Nren,“PayingforPerformanaivesIncreaseDesirefortheRewardObjealofPersonalityandSocialPsychology111,no.3(2016):301.
[53].I.Dar-Nimrod,,D.R.Lehman,andB.Schwartz,“TheMaximizationParadox:TheCostsofSeekiives,”
PersonalityandIndividualDiffereno.495-6(2009):631-635;andS.I.Rick,C.E.dG.Loeweightendthrifts,”
JournaloferResearo.6(2008):767-782.
[54].Wparentswithyouimestressed:H.Buddelmeyer,D.S.Hamermesh,andM.WooderessCostofsandDads,”
EuropeanEicReview109(2018):148-161;L.dJ.E.Brown,“FeelingRushed:GeimeQuality,WorkHours,NonstandardWorkSchedules,andSpousalCrossover,”
JournaleandFamily79,no.1(2017):225-242.Evenbusyorttheywouldratherhavemoremohaime:A.V.Whillans,A.,andE.W.Dunn,“ValuingTimeoverMoneyIsAssociatediness,”
SocialPsychologidPersonalitySo.3(2016):213-222,study4.
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